**Tirzepatide** is a once-weekly injectable medication used primarily for the treatment of **type 2 diabetes** and **obesity**. It is a **dual agonist** that activates **both GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1)** and **GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide)** receptors — a mechanism that sets it apart from similar drugs like semaglutide.
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### 🧬 **How Tirzepatide Works:**
Tirzepatide mimics two key gut hormones:
* **GLP-1**: Helps regulate blood sugar, slows gastric emptying, reduces appetite.
* **GIP**: Enhances insulin secretion and may contribute to fat metabolism.
Together, these effects:
* Improve blood sugar control.
* Reduce appetite and food intake.
* Promote **significant weight loss**.
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### 💊 **Approved Uses:**
* **Type 2 Diabetes**: Improves glycemic control.
* **Obesity or Overweight**: Used for chronic weight management (approved under the brand name **Zepbound** in the U.S., 2023).
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### 🏷️ **Brand Name:**
* **Mounjaro** – For type 2 diabetes.
* **Zepbound** – For obesity and weight management.
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### 📉 **Effectiveness:**
* **Weight loss**: Clinical trials show **15–22% total body weight loss**, outperforming semaglutide (Wegovy) in some studies.
* **Blood sugar**: Superior A1c reduction compared to semaglutide and insulin-based therapies.
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### 💉 **Dosage:**
* Given **once weekly by injection**.
* Typical starting dose is **2.5 mg**, titrated up to **15 mg** based on tolerability and goals.
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### ⚠️ **Side Effects:**
Common:
* Nausea
* Vomiting
* Diarrhea
* Constipation
* Decreased appetite
Serious (rare):
* Pancreatitis
* Gallbladder disease
* Kidney injury (usually due to dehydration from GI side effects)
* Risk of thyroid C-cell tumors (seen in rodents)
**Contraindicated** in people with:
* Personal or family history of **medullary thyroid carcinoma**
* Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN2)
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### 📋 **Summary Table:**
| Feature | Tirzepatide |
| ------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| Class | Dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist |
| Brands | Mounjaro (diabetes), Zepbound (weight loss) |
| Frequency | Weekly injection |
| Main Uses | Type 2 diabetes, obesity |
| Benefits | Superior weight loss, strong glucose control |
| Approval | FDA-approved (U.S.) for both uses |
| Common Side Effects | GI symptoms (nausea, diarrhea, etc.) |
Tirz GLP-2
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